|
Red
Cross Clubmobiles were very popular . . . . . |
|
G-2 is concerned with intelligence and has the job of finding out what the enemy is capable of doing and what he intends to do, before he can do it. G-2 gathers and analyzes all available facts about enemy dispositions, intentions and capabilities from a variety of sources, and after this material is organized passes it on to the Commanding General and the division units primarily concerned. Responsibility for the security of all division movements rests with this section. Lt Col A. K. du Moulin was G-2 of the 76th Division. Eight sections operated under G-2: CIC, PI, MII, IPW, OB, OSS, Historian and PRO. The Counter Intelligence Corps team, headed by Capt William Barnaby, ferreted out nazis and suspected nazis throughout the division area, investigated papers of Germans claiming to have been discharged from the Wehrmacht, and passed upon the selection of German civil officials for occupied localities. The CIC was instrumental in unearthing the German radium reserve, estimated to be worth two million dollars, which had been buried by German scientists near Lenggries. Photo Interpretation Team 79, led by Capt Knowlton M. Woodin, joined the ONAWAY Division at Champlon, Belgium, just prior to the movement into Luxembourg. Primary mission of Pl was the collection, interpretation, evaluation and dissemination of all enemy information as derived from a study of aerial photographs. The famous Katzenkopf fortress near Irrel, taken by the 76th, was located and plotted by PI from aerial photos. Valuable assistance was provided by PI for the French OSS on a secret mission through nazi lines. Military Intelligence Interrogation Team 487-G, also attached to the 76th at Champlon, questioned German civilians during the division drive across the Reich, obtaining information for G-2 on everything from widths of roads and rivers and location of enemy fortifications and troops to the dope on V-bomb, airplane engine and U-boat construction plants. MII translated captured German documents and plotted German defenses to facilitate the smashing of them by ONAWAY. 1st Lt Warren E. Metzner was in charge of the team. Serving with the 76th from Belgium to the war's end on the outskirts of Chemnitz were Interrogation of Prisoner of War Teams 52 and 63. IPW teams were an innovation of this war. Questioning of PW's was nothing new in warfare, but the method of questioning them by specially trained intelligence personnel was. All IPW personnel were selected on a basis of language qualifications and trained at the Military Intelligence Training Center at Maryland's Camp Ritchie and in the United Kingdom until these men knew more about enemy armies, weapons, communications, supply installations, replacements, training centers, etc. than many well informed German personnel. They utilized their knowledge and special skills to great advantage. Both teams saw service in the Battle of France and in Belgium before being assigned to the 76th for the drive across Germany. Capt Frank J. Verderber headed Team 52, Capt Harry Irwig Team 63. The Order of Battle Team calculated strength of forces opposing the division at any time, their composition and armament. This section, led by 1st Lt Joseph R. Taphorn, translated enemy tactical documents. ONAWAY 's OB reported that from first to last - from the veteran 212th "Frauenkirchen" Volksgrenadier to the Fuehrer Escort, a panzer type division said to be the best outfit in the Wehrmacht - the 76th, without once being repulsed or halted, contacted and defeated seventeen German divisions in its 110 days of combat. The securing of tactical information through secret missions, as well as collecting of this material from higher and adjacent OSS detachments, was the task of ONAWAY's Office of Strategic Services Detachment. Capt Charles LaHaussois and Lt Phillipe Mayer of the French army liaison team headed OSS activities. Under Capt George H. Feil, Jr., the Division Historical Section wrote a summary for the Commanding General o f division action each month, this resume being based on after-action reports received from all units of the 76th. The Historian was also in charge of preparation of the division history. With Capt Feil's transfer out of the 76th, 1st Lt Joseph J. Hutnik became Historian. Handling division publicity - news and feature stories and photographs concerning the 76th and its personnel - was the job of the Public Relations Officer and his section. Hundreds of stories were sent out monthly to Stars and Stripes, Yank, home town newspapers and other periodicals. Serving in turn as Division PRO were Maj Paul M. Nugent, Capt John R. Sennott and 1st Lt Joseph J. Hutnik. The PRO was responsible for supervision and censorship of all public relations activities within the division and the publication of a division newspaper. "ONAWAY", official eight-page weekly publication of the division, did not make its appearance until 23 December 44, when it came out at Bournemouth, England, in a mimeographed, limited edition of 500 copies. The first printed edition came off the press at Limbach, Germany, 6 May 45, in 5000 copies. Hampered by the paper conservation program, the publication slowly upped its facilities, culminating in a special twenty-four-page printed edition of 17,000 copies in commemoration of the division's third birthday. |
|
With the slackening of hostilities in Germany, and after V-E Day, a number of units of the division published newspapers: 385th Infantry, "At Ease"; 304th Infantry, "The Minuteman"; 417th Infantry, "The Spearhead"; 355th FA Battalion, "The Observer"; and 76th QM Company, "The Feed Box". "ONAWAY", as the slogan or battle cry of the 76th, came into being in the fall of 1944 when the division was training at Camp McCoy. At a meeting of organization commanders, Maj Gen Schmidt suggested the adoption of a slogan. His suggestion of "ONAWAY", which he explained was the alert signal used by the Chippewa Indians to call their warriors to arms upon the approach of an enemy, was enthusiastically adopted. Brig Gen Henry C. Evans, Division Artillery Commander, wrote a poem, "ONAWAY", to the traditional tune "Johnny Come Up". The battle cry was especially fitted to the 76th because the Chippewas used to roam the Wisconsin country in which the division trained for its overseas mission. |
| next | prev | contents | prev to start | CHAPTER IX CATEGORY FOUR [3] |